apko
buildah
apko | buildah | |
---|---|---|
14 | 26 | |
1,090 | 7,080 | |
3.2% | 1.1% | |
9.4 | 9.6 | |
3 days ago | about 13 hours ago | |
Go | Go | |
Apache License 2.0 | Apache License 2.0 |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
apko
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Distroless images using melange and apko
apko allows us to build OCI container images from .apk packages.
- Build OCI images from APK packages directly without Dockerfile
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Docker Is Four Things
We have built something very similar to what you are describing: https://github.com/chainguard-dev/apko
- Apko: APK-based OCI image builder
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Tool to build Docker images
apko
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An Overview of Kubernetes Security Projects at KubeCon Europe 2023
Chainguard also appears to have several open source projects.The most popular one is apko, used for building OCI images from APK packages.
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aws-cli v2: how much smaller can it get? Answer: a lot smaller :)
Once those are done, I just need to build aws-cli package, put those APK files in a final image with Chainguard's apko.
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Crafting container images without Dockerfiles
This is one of my absolute favorite topics. Pardon me while I rant and self-promote :D
Dockerfiles are great for flexibility, and have been a critical contributor to the adoption of Docker containers. It's very easy to take a base image, add a thing to it, and publish your version.
Unfortunately Dockerfiles are also full of gotchas and opaque cargo-culted best practices to avoid them. Being an open-ended execution environment, it's basically impossible to tell even during the build what's being added to the image, which has downstream implications for anybody trying to get an SBOM from the image for example.
Instead, I contribute to a number of tools to build and manage images without Dockerfiles. Each of them are less featureful than Dockerfiles, but being more constrained in what they can do, you can get a lot more visibility into what they're doing, since they're not able to do "whatever the user wants".
1. https://github.com/google/go-containerregistry is a Go module to interact with images in the registry and in tarballs and layouts, in the local docker daemon. You can append layers, squash layers, modify metadata, etc.
2. crane is a CLI that uses the above (in the same repo) to make many of the same modifications from the commandline. `crane append` for instance adds a layer containing some contents to an image, entirely in the registry, without even pulling the base image.
3. ko (https://ko.build) is a tool to build Go applications into images without Dockerfiles or Docker at all. It runs `go build`, appends that binary on top of a base image, and pushes it directly to the registry. It generates an SBOM declaring what Go modules went into the app it put into the image, since that's all it can do.
4. apko (https://apko.dev) is a tool to assemble an image from pre-built apks, without Docker. It's capable of producing "distroless" images easily with config in YAML. It generates an SBOM declaring exactly what apks it put in the image, since that's all it can do.
Bazel's rules_docker is another contender in the space, and GCP's distroless images use it to place Debian .debs into an image. Apko is its spiritual successor, and uses YAML instead of Bazel's own config language, which makes it a lot easier to adopt and use (IMO), with all of the same benefits.
I'm excited to see more folks realizing that Dockerfiles aren't always necessary, and can sometimes make your life harder. I'm extra excited to see more tools and tutorials digging into the details of how container images work, and preaching the gospel that they can be built and modified using existing tooling and relatively simple libraries. Excellent article!
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Vulnerability scanner written in Go that uses osv.dev data
Depends exactly what you're trying to create it for. I advocate for doing it during the build process rather than as a step after.
We open sourced a few tools that do it automatically for containers:
https://github.com/chainguard-dev/apko
https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange
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Apko: A Better Way To Build Containers?
apko takes apk packages and builds them into OCI images (aka Docker images). Sounds quite simple, because it is:
buildah
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A gopher’s journey to the center of container images
For the task of building the graph image, my first idea was to rely on buildah. In fact, our design was already heavily relying on containers/image for all things regarding copying images from one registry to the other, or from one registry to an archive. The obvious choice was to use the same suite of modules in order to keep dependencies to a minimum.
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Podman Desktop for Java Development
I appreciate that podman can run daemonless, but I've gotten tired of waiting for them to implement heredoc support and have continued to use docker.
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How to use Podman inside of a container
You do realize that, under the hood, buildah uses a container engine (runc by default)? See https://github.com/containers/buildah/blob/main/docs/buildah...
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Container and image vocabulary
buildah
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How to use Buildah to create a build-service written in golang
I found this small tutorial: https://github.com/containers/buildah/blob/main/docs/tutorials/04-include-in-your-build-tool.md and it works.
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From code to customers in just 13 seconds.
# https://github.com/containers/buildah/issues/3666 volume /var/lib/containers
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Podman v4.4, Buildah v1.29 released!
Last week, Buildah version 1.29 was also released. The prune command has been added to clean intermediate images as well as the build and mount cache. Support for the –group-add option to the from and build commands was added. One useful feature of this, it to use the –group-add keep-groups option, which allows rootless users to take advantage of their group access to file and devices mounted into the build containers. And the –cache-from and –cache-to options for the build command now allow for multiple sources. This can be used to improve the speed of builds, especially in CI/CD environments.
- Crafting container images without Dockerfiles
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Rails on Docker · Fly
Unfortunately this syntax is not generally supported yet - it's only supported with the buildkit backend and only landed in the 1.3 "labs" release. It was moved to stable in early 2022 (see https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/2574), so that seems to be better, but I think may still require a syntax directive to enable.
Many other dockerfile build tools still don't support it, e.g. buildah (see https://github.com/containers/buildah/issues/3474)
Useful now if you have control over the environment your images are being built in, but I'm excited to the future where it's commonplace!
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Container Deep Dive 2: Container Engines
For more information regarding the bundled tools see: CRI tools.
What are some alternatives?
distroless - 🥑 Language focused docker images, minus the operating system.
kaniko - Build Container Images In Kubernetes
docker-pushmi-pullyu - Copy Docker images directly to a remote host without using Docker Hub or a hosted registry.
buildkit - concurrent, cache-efficient, and Dockerfile-agnostic builder toolkit
containerd - An open and reliable container runtime
rules_docker - Rules for building and handling Docker images with Bazel
melange - build APKs from source code
SSVM - WasmEdge is a lightweight, high-performance, and extensible WebAssembly runtime for cloud native, edge, and decentralized applications. It powers serverless apps, embedded functions, microservices, smart contracts, and IoT devices.
osv-scanner - Vulnerability scanner written in Go which uses the data provided by https://osv.dev
podman - Podman: A tool for managing OCI containers and pods.
nerdctl - contaiNERD CTL - Docker-compatible CLI for containerd, with support for Compose, Rootless, eStargz, OCIcrypt, IPFS, ...
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