typed-protocols VS substrate

Certain correctness properties of code can be ensured statically, i.e. at compile time. Those checks rely on the programming language's type system. Software engineers can take advantage of type safety features to implement components in a way that makes them safe by construction. For example, Cardano uses the typed-protocols package, a generic framework for implementing application-level protocols, which is based on a simple form of session typing.6 Within this framework, protocols are described as state machines encoded into Haskell types. The allowed transitions between states correspond to messages exchanged between the peers, so the protocol state determines which messages are allowed to be sent or must be accepted when received, at type level. This simplifies protocol implementation, allows early detection of protocol violations, and makes the protocols themselves deadlock-free by construction. More advanced type-level programming techniques may allow achieving impressive levels of type safety; however, such code may be significantly harder to implement, understand, and maintain.

I like to use typed-protocols for this: https://github.com/input-output-hk/typed-protocols/

Substrate — a framework for building application-specific blockchains (written in Rust);

frame-benchmarking = { version = "4.0.0-dev", default-features = false, optional = true, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v1.0.0" }

To offer some perspective outside of the typical "all crypto is a scam", Parity is doing some cool stuff with a rust modular blockchain library called Substrate https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.

Rust takes the cake in the blockchain space: Substrate, Cosmos (CosmWasm), and Solana. All of the zero knowledge cryptography libraries used for layer 2 solutions are written in Rust, compiling to Wasm (see arkworks, Risc0). Ethereum's next version of smart contracts will even use a restricted subset of Wasm ("Ewasm") instead of EVM.

Verifying NPoS election solution graph and its score is a memory-intensive operation that needs to be performed within a single block time. Under the current runtime constraints, a solution graph with 22,500 nominators can be verified well within the block production time on Polkadot. There are plans to improve on this and implement multi-block election solution verification, after which, the NPoS system can scale to incorporate more nominators.

Fast-unstake is now available on Kusama. This allows instant unstaking if you have not participated in staking in the last 28 eras. https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/12129

First, any outstanding multisig calls (ones where one signatory has signed, but not the threshold) will not be able to execute. Please either finish your multisig calls before this upgrade, or wait until after it is completed. https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/12072

Github: https://github.com/paritytech/substrate