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pages-gem
A simple Ruby Gem to bootstrap dependencies for setting up and maintaining a local Jekyll environment in sync with GitHub Pages
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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
Here's their actual page on Python, basically flask.
I wouldn't be well versed in Github Pages's can's and won'ts. I'd consider reading through their docs found on this page.
There's also Pelican but I haven't used it and seeing as Github serves static pages I'd imagine it builds and deploys your page and is done with it.
NOTE:
The number of mentions on this list indicates mentions on common posts plus user suggested alternatives.
Hence, a higher number means a more popular project.